Optimal microimplant sites in the mandibular retromolar area: mesh analysis of cortical bone thickness and density in CBCT images / Sitios de microimplantes óptimos en el área retromolar mandibular: análisis de malla del grosor y densidad del hueso cortical en imágenes CBCT

SUMMARY: This study was performed to identify optimal microimplant sites in the mandibular retromolar area by measurement and analysis of cortical bone thickness and density. Forty-nine records of cone-beam computed tomography were selected from 173 patients. Invivo 5.2 software was used to measure the thickness and density of 25 sites on a mesh in the mandibular retromolar area. Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore correlations between retromolar measurements and patient characteristics. The LSD test was used to identify optimal microimplant sites in this area. One-way ANOVA, with post hoc SNK test, was used to compare optimal microimplant sites among the retromolar area, the distobuccal bone of the second molar, and a location between the first and second molars. The mean thickness and density of mandibular retromolar cortical bone were 2.35 ± 0.76 mm and 530.49 ± 188.83 HU, respectively. In the mandibular retromolar area, the thickness and density of cortical bone increased from the lingual to buccal sides, and from the distal to mesial. Among 25 sites, S5C1 had the greatest thickness and density; it exhibited greater thickness and density, compared with the distobuccal bone of the second molar and the site between the first and second molars. For distal uprighting of mesially tipped molars, we recommend placement of microimplants into the retromolar distobuccal site; for distalization of mandibular dentition, we recommend placement of microimplants into the retromolar mesiobuccal site (S5C1) or 2 mm from the mesial direction of the second molar distobuccal site (B).

RESUMEN: Este estudio se realizó para identificar los sitios óptimos de microimplantes en el área retromolar mandibular mediante la medición y el análisis del grosor y la densidad del hueso cortical. Se seleccionaron 49 registros de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico de 173 pacientes. Se utilizó el software Invivo 5.2 para medir el grosor y la densidad de 25 sitios en una malla en el área retromolar mandibular. Se realizaron análisis de correlación de Pearson, correlación de Spearman y regresión logística binaria para explorar las correlaciones entre las mediciones retromolares y las características del paciente. La prueba de LSD se utilizó para identificar los sitios óptimos de microimplantes en esta área. Se utilizó ANOVA unidireccional, con prueba SNK post hoc, para comparar los sitios óptimos de microimplante entre el área retromolar, el hueso distobucal del segundo molar y una ubicación entre el primer y el segundo molar. El grosor y la densidad medios del hueso cortical retromolar mandibular fueron 2,35 ± 0,76 mm y 530,49 ± 188,83 HU, respectivamente. En el área retromolar mandibular, el grosor y la densidad del hueso cortical aumentaron desde el lado lingual al bucal y desde el distal al mesial. Entre los 25 sitios, S5C1 se determinó el mayor espesor y densidad; presentó mayor grosor y densidad, en comparación con el hueso distobucal del segundo molar y el sitio entre el primero y el segundo molar. Para rectificación distal de molares con punta mesial, recomendamos la colocación de microimplantes en el sitio retromolar bucal; para la distalización de la dentición mandibular, recomendamos la colocación de microimplantes en el sitio retromolar mesiobucal (S5C1) o 2 mm desde la dirección mesial del sitio distobucal del segundo molar (B).

Assessing and screening for T-cell epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD2 proteins for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis

ABSTRACT The Region of D eletion 2 (RD2) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes reserved antigens that contribute to bacterial virulence. Among these antigens, Rv1983, Rv1986, Rv1987, and Rv1989c have been shown to be immunodominant in infected cattle; however, their diagnostic utility has not been evaluated in humans.In this study, we screened 87 overlapping synthetic peptides encoded by five RD2 proteins for diagnosing tuberculosis epitopes in 50 active tuberculosis (TB) cases, 31 non-tuberculosis patients and 36 healthy individuals. A pool of promising epitopes was then assessed for their diagnostic value in 233 suspected TB patients using a whole blood IFN-γ release assay.Only 10 peptides were recognized by more than 10% of active tuberculosis patients. The IFN-γ release responses to Rv1986-P9, P15, P16, Rv1988-P4, P11, and Rv1987-P11 were significantly higher in the active TB group than in the control groups (p < 0.05). The whole blood IFN-γ release assay based on these epitopes yielded a sensitivity of 51% and a specificity of 85% in diagnosing active tuberculosis, and the corresponding results using the T-SPOT.TB assay were 76% and 75%, respectively.In conclusion, these results suggest that the six epitopes from the RD2 of M. tuberculosis have potential diagnostic value in TB.

Klotho restoration by epigenetic intervention prevents renal fibrosis / 医学研究生学报

Renal fibrosis is a pathological process presented in all chronic kidney diseases and lacks effective treatment. Renal anti-aging protein Klotho displays impressive anti-renal fibrosis capacities, but sustainedly depressed during the initiation and progression of renal fibrosis due to aberrant epigenetic modifications, making Klotho a potential target of epigenetic intervention in anti-renal fibrosis therapy. The author has performed a series of studies and first established TGFb as an essential upstream pathological factor that causes Klotho suppression by inhibiting miR-152 and miR-30. This inhibition subsequently induces DNMT1 and DNMT3a and leads to Klothopromoter hypermethylation and Klotho suppression. Further, it has been found that Rhein from the Chinese medicinal herbal plant and a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3 are capable of either inhibiting the aberrant DNMT1/3a induction and Klotho promoter DNA hypermethylation or enhancing PPARg acetylationat lysine 240/265 and its up-regulation of Klotho, resulting in Klotho restoration and reduced renal fibrosis and the associated renal and bone injuries. Therefore our findings have revealed the distinct epigenetic features of Klotho suppression in renal fibrosis and demonstrated the promising potentials of Klotho-targeted strategies in the treatment of renal fibrosis and the related disorders.

The Short Isoform of Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus Protein 1 Functions as a Putative Tumor Suppressor / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (NuMA1) had been reported to produce three groups of isoforms categorized as long, middle, and short groups, of which short NuMA displayed distinct localization patterns compared to long and middle isoforms. However, the function of short NuMA was not clear in the progress of cancer formation. This study aimed to unveil the role of short NuMA in cancer pathogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression levels of short isoforms were explored in paired gastric carcinoma (GC) samples and different cell lines. Furthermore, the short isoform behaved as a putative tumor suppressor based on cell proliferation and cell colony formation assays. Pull-down assay and whole-genome gene expression analysis were carried out to search candidate interaction partners of short NuMA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of short NuMA was highly expressed in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle; compared with nontumor tissues, short NuMA downregulated in nine GCs (GC1 [0.131, P = 5 × 10-4]; GC2 [0.316, P = 3 × 10-5]; GC3 [0.111, P = 6 × 10-4]; GC4 [0.456, P = 0.011]; GC5 [0.474, P = 0.001]; GC6 [0.311, P = 0.004]; GC7 [0.28, P = 3 × 10-5]; GC8 [0.298, P = 0.007]; and GC9 [0.344, P = 0.002]). Besides, high expression of short NuMA significantly inhibits cell growth (2.43 × 105 vs. 2.97 × 105, P = 0.0029) and cell clone information in vitro (70 vs. 2, P = 1.67 × 10-45). Short NuMA could bind with alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4), a putative tumor promoting gene. Overexpression of short NuMA could tremendously decrease the expression of MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) of about 92-fold, which played an important role in the cell cycles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Short isoform of NuMA might be functioned as a putative role of tumor suppressor. Further studies should be made to illuminate the relationship between ACTN4, MYBL2, and tumor progression.</p>

New classification of Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare differences between Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with secondary acetabulum and Crowe IV DDH without secondary acetabulum,and determine whether it is necessary to divide Crowe IV DDH into two subtypes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2007 to May 2015,145 hips of 112 Crowe N patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) using S-ROM stem were divided into two groups: secondary acetabulum formaton group (group A) and no secondary acetabulum formaton group (group B). In group A,there were 12 females, 96 males,with an average age of (39.38 ± 11.19) years old. In group B, there were 2 females, 35 males, with an average age of (38.19 ± 10.92) years old. All the patients were evaluated by using Harris Hip Score. Radiographic evaluations were made preoperatively and during follow up. The differences between two groups were compared on dislocation height, canal flare index (CFI), subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy (SSTO) usage, pre- and post-operation Harris scores, complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The dislocation height for group A was (4.74 ± 1.57) cm, while the dislocation height for group B was (3.12 ± 1.15) cm. Significantly difference was detected between two groups. The CFI for group A was 2.69 ± 0.68, while the CFI for group B was 3.42 ± 0.79, and the significantly difference was detected between two groups. Harris scores were totally improved from 58.18 ± 15.67 preoperatively to 91.20 ± 3.79 post-operatively and the difference was significant. Pre-operative Harris scores was 58.1 ± 15.3 in group A, 58.3 ± 16.9 in group B. Post-operative Harris scores was 91.0 ± 4.1 in group A, 91.0 ± 5.1 in group B. No significant difference was found on Harris scores between A and B preoperatively and post-operatively. Complications of 4 cases peri-prosthesis fracture, 4 cases dislocation and 4 cases nerve injury occur in group A; While only one case dislocation and one case nerve injury occur in group B. No statistical significance was detected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Crowe IV DDH with secondary acetabulum is significantly different from Crowe IV DDH without secondary acetabulum on dislocation height and femoral morphology, which causes the different selections of surgical techniques (SSTO usage or not). These important differences in fundamental parameters indicate the necessity to further divide Crowe IV DDH into IVA and IVB two subtypes.</p>

Analysis of relationship of HBV PreS1 antigen, anti-HBc IgM, DNA load and genotypes in hepatitis B patients / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship of HBV PreS1 antigen, anti-HBc IgM, DNA load and genotypes, and the significance for clinical diagnosis and prognostic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay was used to test the HBV serum markers of HB patients; HBV-DNA copies was detected by time fluorescence quantitative PCR; using nested PCR to amplify the S fragment of HBV genome, then sequence and make blast with HBV standard sequences to ascertain genotypes. Make comprehensive analysis of these indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>355 serum specimens of acute or chronic HB patients were collected. The positive rates of HBV PreS1-Ag and HBV-DNA in model I (positive for HBeAg) were 80.2% and 73.7% respectively, which both higher than other models. The abnormal rate of ALT and AST were higher in PreS1-Ag positive group than negative, as well as in anti-HBc IgM positive group. There are 4 samples is genotype B (2.9%), 76 genotype C (55.9%) and 56 genotype D (41.2%). Positive rate of HBeAg and HBV-DNA of genotype C samples were both higher than which of genotype B and D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PreS1-Ag and Anti-HBe-IgM indexes are of great value to viral hepatitis B early diagnosis, HBV replication surveillance and prognostic evaluation; the major HBV genotypes in Henan province are C and D, and the positive rate of HBeAg and HBV-DNA were both higher in genotype C HBV infection population than genotype B and D.</p>